usage of ^ in f_string

[akbarza]

hi
in the below code:

# normal pyramid
print("\nNormal Pyramid")
for i in range(5):
    x="* "
    x=x*i
    print(f'{x:^10}')

what is ^10 in last print line?also {x:<10} and {x:>10} can be used. what are they?
thanks

[Larz60+]

the ":^10" in an f-string will center value of 'x' in a 10 character field.

[deanhystad]

< will left justify. > right justify, ^ center justify

print('0123456789')
value = "Hi"
print(f"{value}")
print(f"{value:<10}")
print(f"{value:>10}")
print(f"{value:^10}")

Output:
0123456789
Hi
Hi        
        Hi
    Hi

You don't often see "<" used.

[akbarza]

hi
what does !r do in below code?

fpath = "C:\new\text\sample.txt"
print(f'this is a test and {fpath}')
# output: this is a test and C:
# ew	ext\sample.txt
print(f'this is a test and {fpath!r}')
# out: this is a test and 'C:\new\text\\sample.txt'
fpath = r"C:\new\text\sample.txt"
print(f'this is a test and {fpath}')
# output: this is a test and C:\new\text\sample.txt
print(f'this is a test and {fpath!r}')
# output: this is a test and 'C:\\new\\text\\sample.txt'

thanks

[perfringo]

It's always a good idea to read documentation: Format String Syntax and Format Specification Mini-Language

Three conversion flags are currently supported: '!s' which calls str() on the value, '!r' which calls repr() and '!a' which calls ascii().

[akbarza]

It's always a good idea to read documentation: Format String Syntax and Format Specification Mini-Language

Three conversion flags are currently supported: '!s' which calls str() on the value, '!r' which calls repr() and '!a' which calls ascii().

hi
I knew that I must explore for f-string, but I did not know where( in which internet address) I must search.
can you tell me where I must search when I encounter an ambiguous subject?
thanks

[perfringo]

Search is very wide subject and "how" depends on very many factors.

For Python I personally follow this pattern:

1 Search Python built-in help
2. Search Python documentation at python.org
3. Search internet with Google

This specific subject was about string formatting so following should be pretty self-explanatory:

>>> help('format')
Help on built-in function format in module builtins:

format(value, format_spec='', /)
    Return value.__format__(format_spec)

    format_spec defaults to the empty string.
    See the Format Specification Mini-Language section of help('FORMATTING') for
    details.

>>> # very helpful hint what to search
>>> help('FORMATTING')
# oh boy, this will spill out lengthy and quite comprehensive information

[akbarza]

Search is very wide subject and "how" depends on very many factors.

For Python I personally follow this pattern:

1 Search Python built-in help
2. Search Python documentation at python.org
3. Search internet with Google

This specific subject was about string formatting so following should be pretty self-explanatory:

>>> help('format')
Help on built-in function format in module builtins:

format(value, format_spec='', /)
    Return value.__format__(format_spec)

    format_spec defaults to the empty string.
    See the Format Specification Mini-Language section of help('FORMATTING') for
    details.

>>> # very helpful hint what to search
>>> help('FORMATTING')
# oh boy, this will spill out lengthy and quite comprehensive information

thanks very much